PRIMARY SOURCES

LEGISLATION

German Criminal Code (StGB)§ 323c Failure to render assistance; obstruction of persons rendering assistance <https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stgb/__323c.html> [accessed 19 March 2026]International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 <https://www.imo.org/en/about/conventions/pages/international-convention-for-the-safety-of-life-at-sea-(solas),-1974.aspx> [accessed 16 March 2026]International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR), 1979 <https://www.imo.org/en/about/conventions/pages/international-convention-on-maritime-search-and-rescue-(sar).aspx> [accessed 13 March 2026)United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 <https://www.un.org/depts/los/conventionagreements/texts/unclos/unclose.pdf> [accessed 16 March 2026]

CASE LAW

N v. UK [2008] ECHR 453 <https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-86490> [accessed 16 March 2026]Stovin v Wise [1996] UKHL 15 (24 July 1996) <https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1996/15.html> [accessed 17 March 2026]Tindall and another (Appellants) v Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police (Respondent) [2024] UKSC 33 <https://supremecourt.uk/cases/uksc-2023-0059> [accessed 19 March 2026]Yania v. Bigan 397 Pa. 316 (1959)<https://law.justia.com/cases/pennsylvania/supreme-court/1959/397-pa-316-0.html> [accessed 13 March 2026]

SECONDARY SOURCES

ARTICLES & REPORTS

Chuah, J. C. T. (2021). ‘Pushback’ of Migrants and the Duty to Rescue at Sea'. (The Journal of International Maritime Law, Vol. 27, Issue 5)
<https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/27752/9/editorial%20dec21.pdf> [accessed 16 March 2026]Denton, F. E. 'The Case Against a Duty to Rescue.' (The Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence, Vol. 4, Issue 1)Dingwall, G. & Gillespie, A. 'Reconsidering the Good Samaritan : A Duty to Rescue? (Cambrian Law Review, Vol. 39) <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327868514ReconsideringtheGoodSamaritanAdutytorescue> [accessed 19 March 2026]Galani, Sofia. ‘Human Rights Obligations in Maritime Search and Rescue’. )International & Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 74, No. 1) <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589325000132> [accessed 16 March 2026]Heyman, Steven. ‘Foundations of the Duty to Rescue’. (Vanderbilt Law Review, Vol. 47, No. 3) <https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol47/iss3/2> [accessed 16 March 2026]Hoffman, D. N. et. al. 'Expanding the Duty to Rescue to Climate Migration.' (Voices in Bioethics, Vol. 8) <https://doi.org/10.52214/vib.v8i.9680> [accessed 16 March 2026]Kamm, F. M. ‘Does Distance Matter Morally to the Duty to Rescue?’ (Law and Philosophy, Vol. 19, No. 6)Mantouvalou, Virginia, N v UK: No Duty to Rescue the Nearby Needy? (March 2, 2009). <https://ssrn.com/abstract=1421804> [accessed 16 March 2026]Parallel Parliament. 'Make it a crime to abandon someone in immediate danger without seeking help' (Petition, opened 22 December 2025) <https://www.parallelparliament.co.uk/petitions/750545/make-it-a-crime-to-abandon-someone-in-immediate-danger-without-seeking-help> [accessed 17 March 2026]Pelliconi, A. M. 'Unexpected Maritime Crossroads The ‘Duty to Rescue’ and the Human Rights Content of the Law of the Sea (International Review of Human Rights Law, Sixth Issue) <https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/25880/1/Andrea-Maria-Pelliconi-Unexpected-Maritime-CrossroadsSixth-IssueIRHRL%20%281%29.pdf> [accessed 16 March 2026]Recksee, D. M. 'The Duty to Rescue' (Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 47, Issue 2) <https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2738&context=ilj> [accessed 16 March 2026]Ripstein, A. ‘Three Duties to Rescue: Moral, Civil, and Criminal’ (Law and Philosophy, Vol. 19, No. 6)Roberts, H. Turning Back Migrant Boats: What Does the International Law of the Sea Say? (The Conversation, 10 September 2021 ) <https://theconversation.com/turning-back-migrant-boats-what-does-the-international-law-of-the-sea-say-167679> [accessed 16 March 2026]Romohr, P. W. 'A Right/Duty Perspective on the Legal and Philosophical Foundations of the No-Duty-to-Rescue Rule'. (Duke Law Journal, Vol. 55, No. 5) <https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1287&context=dlj> [accessed 16 March 2026]Rosenberg, M. B. 'The Alternative of Reward and Praise: The Case against a Duty to Rescue' (Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, Vol. 19, Issue 1) [HeinOnline available within the Library]Sunderland, UK’s Unlawful Cruelty in the English Channel (Human Rights Watch, 10 September 2021 <https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/09/10/uks-unlawful-cruelty-english-channel> [accessed 16 March 2026]Vranken 'Duty to Rescue in Civil Law and Common Law: Les Extrêmes se Touchent?' (International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 4) [Held at the Inner Temple Library]

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